Atherosclerosis is a chronic cardiovascular condition in which arteries become narrowed and hardened due to the buildup of plaque. This plaque is made up of fat, cholesterol, calcium, and other substances found in the blood, which accumulate on the inner walls of arteries over time.

As plaque builds up, it restricts blood flow and reduces the supply of oxygen-rich blood to vital organs and tissues. This can lead to serious health complications such as heart attack, stroke, and peripheral artery disease.

Cholesterol plays a major role in plaque formation. When there is an imbalance—especially high levels of LDL (bad cholesterol)—it can stick to artery walls and trigger inflammation, leading to gradual blockage.

If left unmanaged, atherosclerosis can progress silently for years. Early detection, healthy lifestyle changes, regular exercise, and proper medical treatment are essential to prevent complications and maintain long-term heart health.